Publish/Subscribe API for PubNub C# SDK

The foundation of the PubNub service is the ability to send a message and have it delivered anywhere in less than 100ms. Send a message to just one other person, or broadcast to thousands of subscribers at once.

For higher-level conceptual details on publishing and subscribing, refer to Connection Management and to Publish Messages.

Publish​

publish() sends a message to all channel subscribers. A successfully published message is replicated across PubNub's points of presence and sent simultaneously to all subscribed clients on a channel.

  • You must initialize PubNub with the publishKey.
  • You don't have to be subscribed to a channel to publish to it.
  • You cannot publish to multiple channels simultaneously.

Method(s)​

To Publish a message you can use the following method(s) in the C# SDK:

pubnub.Publish()
        .Message(object)
        .Channel(string)
        .ShouldStore(bool)
        .Meta(Dictionary<string, object>)
        .UsePOST(bool)
        .Ttl(int)
        .QueryParam(Dictionary<string,object>)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
MessageobjectYesThe payload.
ChannelstringYesDestination of the Message.
ShouldStoreboolOptionalStore in history.
If ShouldStore is not specified, then the history configuration on the key is used.
MetaDictionary<string, object>OptionalMeta data object which can be used with the filtering ability.
UsePOSTboolOptionalUse POST to Publish.
TtlintOptionalSet a per message time to live in storage.
  1. If ShouldStore = true, and Ttl = 0, the message is stored with no expiry time.
  2. If ShouldStore = true and Ttl = X (X is an Integer value), the message is stored with an expiry time of X hours.
  3. If ShouldStore = false, the Ttl parameter is ignored.
  4. If Ttl is not specified, then expiration of the message defaults back to the expiry value for the key.
QueryParamDictionary<string, object>OptionalDictionary object to pass name/value pairs as query string params with PubNub URL request for debug purpose.
SyncCommandOptionalBlock the thread, exception thrown if something goes wrong.
AsyncPNCallbackDeprecatedPNCallback of type PNPublishResult.
ExecutePNCallbackOptionalPNCallback of type PNPublishResult.
ExecuteAsyncNoneOptionalReturns Task<PNResult<PNPublishResult>>.

Basic Usage​

Publish a message to a channel​

//Publishing Dictionary
Dictionary<string, float> position = new Dictionary<string, float>();
position.Add("lat", 32F);
position.Add("lng", 32F);

Console.WriteLine("before pub: " + pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(position));

PNResult<PNPublishResult> publishResponse = await pubnub.Publish()
                                            .Message(position)
                                            .Channel("my_channel")
                                            .ExecuteAsync();
PNPublishResult publishResult = publishResponse.Result;
PNStatus status = publishResponse.Status;
Console.WriteLine("pub timetoken: " + publishResult.Timetoken.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("pub status code : " + status.StatusCode.ToString());
Subscribe to the channel

Before running the above publish example, either using the Debug Console or in a separate script running in a separate terminal window, subscribe to the same channel that is being published to.

Returns​

The Publish() operation returns a PNResult<PNPublishResult> which contains the following properties:

Property NameTypeDescription
ResultPNPublishResultReturns a PNPublishResult object.
StatusPNStatusReturns a PNStatus object.

PNPublishResult contains the following properties:

Property NameTypeDescription
TimetokenlongReturns a long representation of the timetoken when the message was published.

Other Examples​

Publish a message to a channel synchronously​

//Publishing Dictionary
Dictionary<string, float> position = new Dictionary<string, float>();
position.Add("lat", 32F);
position.Add("lng", 32F);

Console.WriteLine("before pub: " + pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(position));

pubnub.Publish()
    .Message(position)
    .Channel("my_channel")
    .Execute(new PNPublishResultExt(
        (result, status) => {
            Console.WriteLine("pub timetoken: " + result.Timetoken.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("pub status code : " + status.StatusCode.ToString());
        }
show all 16 lines

Publish with metadata​

string[] arrayMessage = new string[] {
    "hello",
    "there"
};

pubnub.Publish()
    .Message(arrayMessage.ToList())
    .Channel("suchChannel")
    .ShouldStore(true)
    .Meta("<json data as dictionary object>")
    .UsePOST(true)
    .Execute(new PNPublishResultExt(
        (result, status) => {
            // handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
            // status.Error to see if error happened
show all 17 lines

Store the published message for 10 hours​

PNPublishResult res = pubnub.Publish()
    .Channel("coolChannel")
    .Message("test")
    .ShouldStore(true)
    .Ttl(10)
    .Sync();

Publish with cipher key​

PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration(new UserId("myUniqueUserId"));
pnConfiguration.PublishKey = "my_pubkey";
pnConfiguration.SubscribeKey = "my_subkey";
pnConfiguration.CipherKey = "my_cipherkey";
pnConfiguration.Secure = true;

Pubnub pubnub = new Pubnub(pnConfiguration);

string[] arrayMessage = new string[] {
    "hello",
    "there"
};

/***Publish same example what we already have. Repeating below***/
pubnub.Publish()
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Publishing messages for receipt on FCM and APNS associated devices, sample payload​

public class MobilePayload
{
    public Dictionary<string, object> pn_apns;
    public Dictionary<string, object> pn_gcm;
    public Dictionary<string, object> full_game;
}

Dictionary<string, object> apnsData = new Dictionary<string, object>();
apnsData.Add("aps", new Dictionary<string, object>() {
    { "alert", "Game update 49ers touchdown" },
    { "badge", 2 }
});
apnsData.Add("teams", new string[] { "49ers", "raiders" });
apnsData.Add("score", new int[] { 7, 0 });

show all 54 lines

For more details, refer to Mobile Push.

Fire​

The fire endpoint allows the client to send a message to Functions Event Handlers and Illuminate. These messages will go directly to any Event Handlers registered on the channel that you fire to and will trigger their execution. The content of the fired request will be available for processing within the Event Handler. The message sent via fire() isn't replicated, and so won't be received by any subscribers to the channel. The message is also not stored in history.

Method(s)​

To Fire a message you can use the following method(s) in the C# SDK:

pubnub.Fire()
        .Message(object)
        .Channel(string)
        .Meta(Dictionary<string, object>)
        .UsePOST(bool)
        .QueryParam(Dictionary<string,object>)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
MessageobjectYesThe payload.
ChannelstringYesDestination of the message.
MetaDictionary<string, object>OptionalMeta data object which can be used with the filtering ability.
UsePOSTboolOptionalUse POST to Publish.
QueryParamDictionary<string, object>OptionalDictionary object to pass name/value pairs as query string params with PubNub URL request for debug purpose.
SyncCommandOptionalBlock the thread, exception thrown if something goes wrong.
AsyncPNCallbackDeprecatedPNCallback of type PNPublishResult
ExecutePNCallbackOptionalPNCallback of type PNPublishResult

Basic Usage​

Fire a message to a channel​

string[] arrMessage = new string[] {
    "hello",
    "there"
};

pubnub.Fire()
    .Message(arrMessage.ToList())
    .Channel(channel)
    .UsePOST(true)
    .Execute(new PNPublishResultExt(
        (result, status) => {
            if (status.Error) {
                // something bad happened.
                Console.WriteLine("error happened while publishing: " + pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(status));
            } else {
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Signal​

The signal() function is used to send a signal to all subscribers of a channel.

By default, signals are limited to a message payload size of 64 bytes. This limit applies only to the payload, and not to the URI or headers. If you require a larger payload size, please contact support.

Method(s)​

To Signal a message you can use the following method(s) in the C# SDK:

pubnub.Signal()
        .Message(object)
        .Channel(string)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
MessageobjectYesThe payload.
ChannelstringYesDestination of the Message.

Basic Usage​

Signal a message to a channel​

Dictionary<string, string> myMessage = new Dictionary<string, string>();
myMessage.Add("msg", "Hello Signals");

pubnub.Signal()
    .Message(myMessage)
    .Channel("foo")
    .Execute(new PNPublishResultExt((result, status) => {
        if (status.Error) {
            Console.WriteLine(status.ErrorData.Information);
        } else {
            Console.WriteLine(result.Timetoken);
        }
    }));

Response​

Property NameTypeDescription
TimetokenlongReturns a long representation of the timetoken when the message was signaled.

Subscribe​

The subscribe function creates an open TCP socket to PubNub and begins listening for messages and events on a specified entity or set of entities. To subscribe successfully, you must configure the appropriate subscribeKey at initialization.

Entities are first-class citizens that provide access to their encapsulated APIs. You can subscribe using the PubNub client object or directly on a specific entity:

A newly subscribed client receives messages after the subscribe() call completes.

Subscription scope​

Subscription objects provide an interface to attach listeners for various real-time update types. Your app receives messages and events via those event listeners. Two types of subscriptions are available:

  • Subscription, created from an entity with a scope of only that entity (for example, a particular channel)
  • SubscriptionSet, created from the PubNub client with a global scope (for example, all subscriptions created on a single pubnub object ). A subscription set can have one or more subscriptions.

The event listener is a single point through which your app receives all the messages, signals, and events in the entities you subscribed to. For information on adding event listeners, refer to Event listeners.

Create a subscription​

An entity-level Subscription allows you to receive messages and events for only that entity for which it was created. Using multiple entity-level Subscriptions is useful for handling various message/event types differently in each channel.

Keep a strong reference

You should keep a strong reference to every created subscription/subscription set because they must stay in memory to listen for updates. If you were to create a Subscription/SubscriptionSet and not keep a strong reference to it, Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) could deallocate the Subscription as soon as your code finishes executing.

// entity-based, local-scoped
Channel firstChannel = pubnub.Channel("first");

Subscription subscription = firstChannel.Subscription(SubscriptionOptions options);
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
optionsSubscriptionOptionsNoSubscription behavior configuration.

Create a subscription set​

A client-level SubscriptionSet allows you to receive messages and events for all entities. A single SubscriptionSet is useful for similarly handling various message/event types in each channel.

Keep a strong reference

You should keep a strong reference to every created subscription/subscription set because they must stay in memory to listen for updates. If you were to create a Subscription/SubscriptionSet and not keep a strong reference to it, Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) could deallocate the Subscription as soon as your code finishes executing.

// client-based, general-scoped
SubscriptionSet subscriptionSet = pubnub.SubscriptionSet(
   channels: string[],
   channelGroups: string[],
   options: SubscriptionOptions
)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
channelsstring[]YesOne or more channels to create a subscription of. Either channels or channelGroups is required.
channelGroupsstring[]YesOne or more channels to create a subscription of. Either channels or channelGroups is required.
optionsSubscriptionOptionsNoSubscription behavior configuration.
Add/remove sets

You can add and remove subscriptions to create new sets. Refer to the Other examples section for more information.

SubscriptionOptions​

SubscriptionOptions is an enum. Available properties include:

OptionDescription
ReceivePresenceEventsWhether presence updates for userId should be delivered through the listener streams.

Method(s)​

Subscription and SubscriptionSet use the same subscribe<object>() method.

Subscribe​

To subscribe, you can use the following method in the Swift SDK:

subscription.Subscribe<object>(SubscriptionCursor cursor)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
cursorSubscriptionCursorNoCursor from which to return any available cached messages. Message retrieval with cursor is not guaranteed and should only be considered a best-effort service. A cursor consists of a timetoken and region: cursor: { Timetoken: long?; Region: int? }

If you pass any primitive type, the SDK converts them into SubscriptionCursor but if their value is not a 17-digit number or a string with numeric characters, the provided value will be ignored.
Basic usage​
Subscription subscription1 = pubnub.Channel("channelName").Subscription()
subscription1.Subscribe<object>()

SubscriptionSet subscriptionSet = pubnub.Subscription(
    new string[] {"channel1", "channel2"},
    new string[] {"channel_group_1", "channel_group_2"},
    SubscriptionOptions.ReceivePresenceEvents
)

subscriptionSet.Subscribe<object>()
Other examples​
Create a subscription set from 2 individual subscriptions​
// Create a subscription from a channel entity
Subscription subscription1 = pubnub.Channel("channelName").Subscription()

// Create a subscription from a channel group entity
Subscription subscription2 = pubnub.ChannelGroup("channelGroupName").Subscription()

// create a subscription set from individual entities
SubscriptionSet subscriptionSet = subscription1.Add(subscription2)

subscriptionSet.Subscribe<object>()
Returns​

The subscribe() method doesn't have a return value.

Entities​

Entities are subscribable objects for which you can receive real-time updates (messages, events, etc).

Create channels​

This method returns a local Channel entity.

pubnub.Channel(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
ChannelStringYesThe name of the channel to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.Channel("channelName")

Create channel groups​

This method returns a local ChannelGroup entity.

pubnub.ChannelGroup(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
ChannelGroupStringYesThe name of the channel group to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.ChannelGroup("channelGroupName")

Create channel metadata​

This method returns a local ChannelMetadata entity.

pubnub.ChannelMetadata(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
ChannelMetadataStringYesThe String identifier of the channel metadata object to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.ChannelMetadata("channelMetadata")

Create user metadata​

This method returns a local UserMetadata entity.

pubnub.UserMetadata(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
UserMetadataStringYesThe String identifier of the user metadata object to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.UserMetadata("userMetadata")

Event listeners​

Messages and events are received in your app using a listener. This listener allows a single point to receive all messages, signals, and events.

You can attach listeners to the instances of Subscription, SubscriptionSet, and, in the case of the connection status, the PubNub client.

Add listeners​

You can implement multiple listeners with the onEvent closure or register an event-specific listener that receives only a selected type, like message or file.

Method(s)​

// Add event-specific listeners
// Add a listener to receive Message changes
Subscription subscription1 = pubnub.Channel("channelName").Subscription()

subscription1.OnMessage = (Pubnub pn, PNMessageResult<object> messageEvent) => {
 Console.WriteLine($"Message received {messageEvent.Message}");
};

subscription1.Subscribe<object>()


// Add multiple listeners
SubscribeCallbackExt eventListener = new SubscribeCallbackExt(
 delegate (Pubnub pn, PNMessageResult<object> messageEvent) {
  Console.WriteLine($"received message {messageEvent.Message}");
show all 37 lines

Basic usage​

Subscription subscription1 = pubnub.Channel("channelName").Subscription()


SubscriptionSet subscriptionSet = pubnub.Subscription(
    new string[] {"channel1", "channel2"},
    new string[] {"channel_group_1", "channel_group_2"},
    SubscriptionOptions.ReceivePresenceEvents
)

SubscribeCallbackExt eventListener = new SubscribeCallbackExt(
 delegate (Pubnub pn, PNMessageResult<object> messageEvent) {
  Console.WriteLine($"received message {messageEvent.Message}");
 }
)

show all 22 lines

Add connection status listener​

The PubNub client has a listener dedicated to handling connection status updates.

Client scope

This listener is only available on the PubNub object.

Method(s)​

pubnub.AddListener(listener)

Basic usage​

SubscribeCallbackExt eventListener = new SubscribeCallbackExt(
 delegate (Pubnub pn, PNStatus e) {
  Console.WriteLine("Status event");
 }
);

pubnub.AddListener(eventListener)

Returns​

The subscription status. For information about available statuses, refer to SDK statuses.

Unsubscribe​

Stop receiving real-time updates from a Subscription or a SubscriptionSet.

Method(s)​

subscription.Unsubscribe<object>()

subscriptionSet.Unsubscribe<object>()

Basic Usage​

Subscription subscription1 = pubnub.Channel("channelName").Subscription()

SubscriptionSet subscriptionSet = pubnub.Subscription(
    new string[] {"channel1", "channel2"},
    new string[] {"channel_group_1", "channel_group_2"},
    SubscriptionOptions.ReceivePresenceEvents
)

subscription1.Subscribe<object>()
subscriptionSet.Subscribe<object>()

subscription1.Unsubscribe<object>()
subscriptionSet.Unsubscribe<object>()

Returns​

None

Unsubscribe All​

Stop receiving real-time updates from all data streams and remove the entities associated with them.

Client scope

This method is only available on the PubNub object.

Method(s)​

pubnub.UnsubscribeAll<object>()

Basic Usage​

Subscription subscription1 = pubnub.Channel("channelName").Subscription()

SubscriptionSet subscriptionSet = pubnub.Subscription(
    new string[] {"channel1", "channel2"},
    new string[] {"channel_group_1", "channel_group_2"},
    SubscriptionOptions.ReceivePresenceEvents
)

subscription1.Subscribe<object>()
subscriptionSet.Subscribe<object>()

pubnub.UnsubscribeAll<object>()

Returns​

None

Subscribe (deprecated)​

Deprecated

This method is deprecated. Use Subscribe instead.

Receive messages​

Your app receives messages and events via event listeners. The event listener is a single point through which your app receives all the messages, signals, and events that are sent in any channel you are subscribed to.

For more information about adding a listener, refer to the Event Listeners section.

Description​

This function causes the client to create an open TCP socket to the PubNub Real-Time Network and begin listening for messages on a specified channel. To subscribe to a channel the client must send the appropriate SubscribeKey at initialization.

By default a newly subscribed client will only receive messages published to the channel after the Subscribe() call completes. If a client gets disconnected from a channel, it can automatically attempt to reconnect to that channel and retrieve any available messages that were missed during that period. This can be achieved by setting ReconnectionPolicy to PNReconnectionPolicy.LINEAR, when initializing the client.

Unsubscribing from all channels

Unsubscribing from all channels, and then subscribing to a new channel Y is not the same as subscribing to channel Y and then unsubscribing from the previously-subscribed channel(s). Unsubscribing from all channels resets the last-received timetoken and thus, there could be some gaps in the subscription that may lead to message loss.

Method(s)​

To Subscribe to a channel you can use the following method(s) in the C# SDK:

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
        .Channels(Array)
        .ChannelGroups(Array)
        .WithTimetoken(long)
        .WithPresence()
        .QueryParam(Dictionary<string,object>)
        .Execute()
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
ChannelsArrayOptionalSubscribe to Channels, Either Channels or ChannelGroups is required.
ChannelGroupsArrayOptionalSubscribe to ChannelGroups, Either Channels or ChannelGroups is required.
WithTimetokenlongOptionalPass a Timetoken.
WithPresenceCommandOptionalAlso subscribe to related presence information.
QueryParamDictionary<string, object>OptionalDictionary object to pass name/value pairs as query string params with PubNub URL request for debug purpose.
ExecuteCommandYesCommand that will Execute Subscribe.

Basic Usage​

Subscribe to a channel:

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channels
        "my_channel"
     })
    .Execute();
Event listeners

The response of the call is handled by adding a Listener. Please see the Listeners section for more details. Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Returns​

PNMessageResult

PNMessageResult<T> is returned in the Listeners

The Subscribe() operation returns a PNStatus which contains the following operations:

Property NameTypeDescription
CategoryPNStatusCategoryDetails of PNStatusCategory are here
ErrorboolThis is true if an error occurred in the execution of the operation.
ErrorDataPNErrorDataError data of the exception (if Error is true)
StatusCodeintStatus code of the excution.
OperationPNOperationTypeOperation type of the request.
AffectedChannelsList<string>A list of affected channels in the operation.
AffectedChannelGroupsList<string>A list of affected channel groups in the operation.

The Subscribe() operation returns a PNMessageResult<T> for messages which contains the following operations:

Property NameTypeDescription
MessageobjectThe message sent on the channel.
SubscriptionstringThe channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
ChannelstringThe channel for which the message belongs.
TimetokenlongTimetoken for the message.
UserMetadataobjectUser metadata.

The Subscribe() operation returns a PNPresenceEventResult from presence which contains the following operations:

Property NameTypeDescription
EventstringEvents like join, leave, timeout, state-change, interval.
UuidstringUUID for the event.
TimestamplongTimestamp for the event.
OccupancyintCurrent occupancy.
StateDictionaryState of the UUID.
SubscriptionstringThe channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
ChannelstringThe channel for which the message belongs.
TimetokenlongTimetoken of the message.
UserMetadataobjectUser metadata.
Joinstring[]List of channels when the event is interval.
Timeoutstring[]List of channels when the event is interval.
Leavestring[]List of channels when the event is interval.
HereNowRefreshboolFlag to indicate whether HereNow fetch is needed.

Other Examples​

Basic subscribe with logging

PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration(new UserId("myUniqueUserId"));
// subscribeKey from admin panel
pnConfiguration.SubscribeKey = "my_subkey"; // required
// publishKey from admin panel (only required if publishing)
pnConfiguration.PublishKey = "my_pubkey";
// secretKey (only required for access operations)
pnConfiguration.LogVerbosity = PNLogVerbosity.BODY;
Pubnub pubnub = new Pubnub(pnConfiguration);

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channels
        "my_channel"
    })
    .Execute();

Subscribing to multiple channels

It's possible to subscribe to more than one channel using the Multiplexing feature. The example shows how to do that using an array to specify the channel names.

Alternative subscription methods

You can also use Wildcard Subscribe and Channel Groups to subscribe to multiple channels at a time. To use these features, the Stream Controller add-on must be enabled on your keyset in the Admin Portal.

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channels information
        "my_channel1",
        "my_channel2"
    })
    .Execute();
Subscribing to a Presenece channel​
Requires Presence add-on

This method requires that the Presence add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

For any given channel there is an associated Presence channel. You can subscribe directly to the channel by appending -pnpres to the channel name. For example the channel named my_channel would have the presence channel named my_channel-pnpres.

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channels
        "my_channel"
    })
    .WithPresence() // also subscribe to related presence information
    .Execute();
Sample Responses​
Join Event​
{
    "Event": "join",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": 1345546797,
    "Occupancy": 2,
    "State": null,
    "Channel":" my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": null,
    "Timeout": null,
    "Leave": null,
    "HereNowRefresh": false
}
Leave Event​
{
    "Event": "leave",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": 1345546797,
    "Occupancy": 1,
    "State": null,
    "Channel": "my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": null,
    "Timeout": null,
    "Leave": null,
    "HereNowRefresh": false
}
Timeout Event​
{
    "Event": "timeout",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": 1345546797,
    "Occupancy": 0,
    "State": null,
    "Channel": "my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": null,
    "Timeout": null,
    "Leave": null,
    "HereNowRefresh": false
}
Custom Presence Event (State Change)​
{
    "Event": "state-change",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": 1345546797,
    "Occupancy": 1,
    "State": {
        "isTyping": true
    },
    "Channel": "my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": null,
    "Timeout": null,
    "Leave": null,
show all 17 lines
Interval Event​
{
    "Event": "interval",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": 1345546797,
    "Occupancy": 2,
    "State": null,
    "Channel": "my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": null,
    "Timeout": null,
    "Leave": null,
    "HereNowRefresh": false
}

When a channel is in interval mode with presence_deltas pnconfig flag enabled, the interval message may also include the following fields which contain an array of changed UUIDs since the last interval message.

  • joined
  • left
  • timedout

For example, this interval message indicates there were 2 new UUIDs that joined and 1 timed out UUID since the last interval:

{
    "Event": "interval",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": <unix timestamp>,
    "Occupancy": <# users in channel>,
    "State": null,
    "Channel": "my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": ["uuid2", "uuid3"],
    "Timeout": ["uuid1"],
    "Leave": null,
    "HereNowRefresh": false
}

If the full interval message is greater than 30KB (since the max publish payload is ∼32KB), none of the extra fields will be present. Instead there will be a here_now_refresh boolean field set to true. This indicates to the user that they should do a hereNow request to get the complete list of users present in the channel.

{
    "Event": "interval",
    "Uuid": "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "Timestamp": <unix timestamp>,
    "Occupancy": <# users in channel>,
    "State": null,
    "Channel": "my_channel",
    "Subscription": "",
    "Timetoken": 15034141109823424,
    "UserMetadata": null,
    "Join": null,
    "Timeout": null,
    "Leave": null,
    "HereNowRefresh": true
}
Wildcard subscribe to channels​
Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal (with Enable Wildcard Subscribe checked). Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

Wildcard subscribes allow the client to subscribe to multiple channels using wildcard. For example, if you subscribe to a.* you will get all messages for a.b, a.c, a.x. The wildcarded * portion refers to any portion of the channel string name after the dot (.).

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channels information
        "foo.*"
    })
    .Execute();
Wildcard grants and revokes

Only one level (a.*) of wildcarding is supported. If you grant on * or a.b.*, the grant will treat * or a.b.* as a single channel named either * or a.b.*. You can also revoke permissions from multiple channels using wildcards but only if you previously granted permissions using the same wildcards. Wildcard revokes, similarly to grants, only work one level deep, like a.*.

Subscribing with State​
Requires Presence add-on

This method requires that the Presence add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

Required UserId

Always set the UUID to uniquely identify the user or device that connects to PubNub. This UUID should be persisted, and should remain unchanged for the lifetime of the user or the device. If you don't set the UUID, you won't be able to connect to PubNub.

PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration pnConfiguration = new PNConfiguration(new UserId("myUniqueUserId"));
pnConfiguration.SubscribeKey = "demo";
pnConfiguration.PublishKey = "demo";
Pubnub pubnub = new Pubnub(pnConfiguration);
pubnub.AddListener(new SubscribeCallbackExt(
    (pubnubObj, message) => {  },
    (pubnubObj, presence) => {  },
    (pubnubObj, status) => {
        if (status.Category == PNStatusCategory.PNConnectedCategory) {
            Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            data.Add("FieldA", "Awesome");
            data.Add("FieldB", 10);

            pubnub.SetPresenceState()
                .Channels(new string[] { "awesomeChannel" })
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Subscribe to a channel group​
Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channels
        "ch1",
        "ch2"
    })
    .ChannelGroups(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channel groups
        "cg1",
        "cg2"
    })
    .WithTimetoken(1337L) // optional, pass a timetoken
    .WithPresence() // also subscribe to related presence information
    .Execute();
Subscribe to the presence channel of a channel group​
note
Requires Stream Controller and Presence add-ons

This method requires both the Stream Controller and Presence add-ons are enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.Subscribe<string>()
    .ChannelGroups(new string[] {
        // subscribe to channel groups
        "cg1",
        "cg2"
    })
    .WithTimetoken(1337L) // optional, pass a timetoken
    .WithPresence() // also subscribe to related presence information
    .Execute();
Subscribe with a Custom Type​

C# supports subscribing with custom types. However only one type of message can be subscribed for a given channel. If you want to subscribe different types of messages for the same channel, then subscribing using the generic type as string is the recommended option.

public class Phone
    {
        public string Number { get; set; }
        public string Extenion { get; set; }

        [JsonConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
        public PhoneType PhoneType { get; set; }
    }

    public enum PhoneType
    {
        Home,
        Mobile,
        Work
    }
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Event Listeners​

You can be notified of connectivity status, message and presence notifications via the listeners.

Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Method 1 to add listener​
// Adding listener.
pubnub.AddListener(new SubscribeCallbackExt(
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNMessageResult<object> pubMsg)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(pubMsg));
        var channelName = pubMsg.Channel;
        var channelGroupName = pubMsg.Subscription;
        var pubTT = pubMsg.Timetoken;
        var msg = pubMsg.Message;
        var publisher = pubMsg.Publisher;
    },
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNPresenceEventResult presenceEvnt)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pubnub.JsonPluggableLibrary.SerializeToJsonString(presenceEvnt));
        var action = presenceEvnt.Event; // Can be join, leave, state-change or timeout
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//Add listener to receive Signal messages
SubscribeCallbackExt signalSubscribeCallback = new SubscribeCallbackExt(
    delegate (Pubnub pubnubObj, PNSignalResult<object> message) {
        // Handle new signal message stored in message.Message
    },
    delegate (Pubnub pubnubObj, PNStatus status)
    {
        // the status object returned is always related to subscribe but could contain
        // information about subscribe, heartbeat, or errors
    }
);
pubnub.AddListener(signalSubscribeCallback);
SubscribeCallbackExt eventListener = new SubscribeCallbackExt(
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNObjectEventResult objectEvent)
    {
        string channelMetadataId = objectEvent.Channel; // The channel
        string uuidMetadataId = objectEvent.Uuid; // The UUID
        string objEvent = objectEvent.Event; // The event name that occurred
        string eventType = objectEvent.Type; // The event type that occurred
        PNUuidMetadataResult uuidMetadata = objectEvent.UuidMetadata; // UuidMetadata
        PNChannelMetadataResult channelMetadata = objectEvent.ChannelMetadata; // ChannelMetadata
    },
    delegate (Pubnub pnObj, PNStatus status)
    {

    }
);
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Method 2 to add listener​
public class DevSubscribeCallback : SubscribeCallback
    {
        public override void Message<T>(Pubnub pubnub, PNMessageResult<T> message)
        {
            // Handle new message stored in message.Message
        }

        public override void Presence(Pubnub pubnub, PNPresenceEventResult presence)
        {
            // handle incoming presence data
        }

        public override void Signal<T>(Pubnub pubnub, PNSignalResult<T> signal)
        {
            // Handle new signal message stored in signal.Message
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Remove Listeners​
SubscribeCallbackExt listenerSubscribeCallack = new SubscribeCallbackExt(
    (pubnubObj, message) => { },
    (pubnubObj, presence) => { },
    (pubnubObj, status) => { });

pubnub.AddListener(listenerSubscribeCallack);

// some time later
pubnub.RemoveListener(listenerSubscribeCallack);
Listener status events​
CategoryDescription
PNNetworkIssuesCategoryThe SDK is not able to reach the PubNub Data Stream Network because the machine or device are not connected to Internet or this has been lost, your ISP (Internet Service Provider) is having to troubles or perhaps or the SDK is behind of a proxy.
PNUnknownCategoryPubNub SDK could return this Category if the captured error is insignificant client side error or not known type at the time of SDK development.
PNBadRequestCategoryPubNub C# SDK will send PNBadRequestCategory when some parameter is missing like subscribe key, publish key.
PNTimeoutCategoryProcessing has failed because of request time out.
PNReconnectedCategorySDK was able to reconnect to pubnub.
PNConnectedCategorySDK subscribed with a new mix of channels (fired every time the channel / channel group mix changed).

Unsubscribe (deprecated)​

Deprecated

This method is deprecated. Use Unsubscribe instead.

When subscribed to a single channel, this function causes the client to issue a leave from the channel and close any open socket to the PubNub Network. For multiplexed channels, the specified channel(s) will be removed and the socket remains open until there are no more channels remaining in the list.

Unsubscribing from all channels

Unsubscribing from all channels, and then subscribing to a new channel Y is not the same as subscribing to channel Y and then unsubscribing from the previously-subscribed channel(s). Unsubscribing from all channels resets the last-received timetoken and thus, there could be some gaps in the subscription that may lead to message loss.

Method(s)​

To Unsubscribe from a channel you can use the following method(s) in the C# SDK:

pubnub.Unsubscribe<string>()
        .Channels(Array)
        .ChannelGroups(Array)
        .QueryParam(Dictionary<string,object>)
        .Execute()
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
ChannelsArrayOptionalUnsubscribe to channels, Either Channels or ChannelGroups is required
ChannelGroupsArrayOptionalUnsubscribe to channel groups, Either channels or channelGroup is required
QueryParamDictionary<string, object>OptionalDictionary object to pass name/value pairs as query string params with PubNub URL request for debug purpose.
ExecuteCommandYesCommand that will execute Unsubscribe.

Basic Usage​

Unsubscribe from a channel:

pubnub.Unsubscribe<string>()
     .Channels(new string[] {
        "my_channel"
     })
     .Execute();
Event listeners

The response of the call is handled by adding a Listener. Please see the Listeners section for more details. Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Response​

The Unsubscribe() operation returns a PNStatus. The output below demonstrates the response to a successful call:

{
    "Category": "PNDisconnectedCategory",
    "ErrorData": null,
    "Error": false,
    "StatusCode": 200,
    "Operation": "PNUnsubscribeOperation",
    "TlsEnabled": false,
    "Uuid": null,
    "AuthKey": null,
    "Origin": "ps.pndsn.com",
    "ClientRequest": null,
    "AffectedChannels": ["my_channel"],
    "AffectedChannelGroups": []
}

Other Examples​

Unsubscribing from multiple channels​
Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.Unsubscribe<string>()
    .Channels(new string[] {
        "ch1",
        "ch2",
        "ch3"
    })
    .ChannelGroups(new string[] {
        "cg1",
        "cg2",
        "cg3"
    })
    .Execute();
Example Response​
{
    "Category": "PNDisconnectedCategory",
    "ErrorData": null,
    "Error": false,
    "StatusCode": 200,
    "Operation": "PNUnsubscribeOperation",
    "TlsEnabled": false,
    "Uuid": null,
    "AuthKey": null,
    "Origin": "ps.pndsn.com",
    "ClientRequest": null,
    "AffectedChannels": ["ch1","ch2","ch3"],
    "AffectedChannelGroups": ["cg1","cg2","cg3"]
}
Unsubscribe from a channel group​
pubnub.Unsubscribe<string>()
    .ChannelGroups(new string[] {
        "cg1",
        "cg2",
        "cg3"
    })
    .Execute();
Example Response​
{
    "Category": "PNDisconnectedCategory",
    "ErrorData": null,
    "Error": false,
    "StatusCode": 200,
    "Operation": "PNUnsubscribeOperation",
    "TlsEnabled": false,
    "Uuid": null,
    "AuthKey": null,
    "Origin": "ps.pndsn.com",
    "ClientRequest": null,
    "AffectedChannels": [],
    "AffectedChannelGroups": ["cg1","cg2","cg3"]
}

Unsubscribe All (deprecated)​

Deprecated

This method is deprecated. Use Unsubscribe All instead.

Unsubscribe from all channels and all channel groups

Method(s)​

pubnub.UnsubscribeAll<string>()
        .QueryParam(Dictionary<string,object>)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
QueryParamDictionary<string, object>OptionalDictionary object to pass name/value pairs as query string params with PubNub URL request for debug purpose.

Basic Usage​

pubnub.UnsubscribeAll<string>();

Returns​

None

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