Publish/Subscribe API for PubNub Python SDK

The foundation of the PubNub service is the ability to send a message and have it delivered anywhere in less than 100ms. Send a message to just one other person, or broadcast to thousands of subscribers at once.

For higher-level conceptual details on publishing and subscribing, refer to Connection Management and to Publish Messages.

Publish​

The publish() function is used to send a message to all subscribers of a channel. To publish a message you must first specify a valid publish_key at initialization. A successfully published message is replicated across the PubNub Real-Time Network and sent simultaneously to all subscribed clients on a channel.

Messages in transit can be secured from potential eavesdroppers with SSL/TLS by setting ssl to True during initialization.

ObjectNode

The new Jackson parser does not recognize JSONObject. Please use ObjectNode instead.

Publish Anytime​

It's not required to be subscribed to a channel in order to publish to that channel.

Message Data​

The message argument can contain any JSON serializable data, including: Objects, Arrays, Ints and Strings. data should not contain special Python classes or functions as these will not serialize. String content can include any single-byte or multi-byte UTF-8 character.

Don't JSON serialize

It is important to note that you should not JSON serialize when sending signals/messages via PUBNUB. Why? Because the serialization is done for you automatically. Instead just pass the full object as the message payload. PubNub takes care of everything for you.

Message Size​

The maximum number of characters per message is 32 KiB by default. The maximum message size is based on the final escaped character count, including the channel name. An ideal message size is under 1800 bytes which allows a message to be compressed and sent using single IP datagram (1.5 KiB) providing optimal network performance.

If the message you publish exceeds the configured size, you will receive the following message:

Message Too Large Error​

["PUBLISHED",[0,"Message Too Large","13524237335750949"]]

For further details, check Calculating Message Payload Size Before Publish.

Message Publish Rate​

Messages can be published as fast as bandwidth conditions will allow. There is a soft limit based on max throughput since messages will be discarded if the subscriber can't keep pace with the publisher.

For example, if 200 messages are published simultaneously before a subscriber has had a chance to receive any messages, the subscriber may not receive the first 100 messages because the message queue has a limit of only 100 messages stored in memory.

Publishing to Multiple Channels​

It is not possible to publish a message to multiple channels simultaneously. The message must be published to one channel at a time.

Publishing Messages Reliably​

There are some best practices to ensure messages are delivered when publishing to a channel:

  • Publish to any given channel in a serial manner (not concurrently).
  • Check that the return code is success (for example, [1,"Sent","136074940..."])
  • Publish the next message only after receiving a success return code.
  • If a failure code is returned ([0,"blah","<timetoken>"]), retry the publish.
  • Avoid exceeding the in-memory queue's capacity of 100 messages. An overflow situation (aka missed messages) can occur if slow subscribers fail to keep up with the publish pace in a given period of time.
  • Throttle publish bursts in accordance with your app's latency needs, for example, Publish no faster than 5 msgs per second to any one channel.

Method(s)​

To Publish a message you can use the following method(s) in the Python SDK:

pubnub.publish() \
    .channel(String) \
    .message(Object) \
    .should_store(Boolean) \
    .meta(Dictionary) \
    .use_post(Boolean)
ParameterTypeRequiredDefaultDescription
channelStringYesDestination of message.
messageObjectYesThe payload.
should_storeBooleanOptionalaccount defaultStore in history
metaObjectOptionalNoneMeta data object which can be used with the filtering ability.

Basic Usage​

Publish a message to a channel​

from pubnub.exceptions import PubNubException
try:
    envelope = pubnub.publish().channel("my_channel").message({
        'name': 'Alex',
        'online': True
    }).sync()
    print("publish timetoken: %d" % envelope.result.timetoken)
except PubNubException as e:
    handle_exception(e)
Subscribe to the channel

Before running the above publish example, either using the Debug Console or in a separate script running in a separate terminal window, subscribe to the same channel that is being published to.

Returns​

The publish() operation returns a PNPublishResult which contains the following fields:

FieldTypeDescription
timetokenIntan int representation of the timetoken when the message was published

Other Examples​

Publish with metadata​

def publish_callback(result, status):
    pass
    # handle publish result, status always present, result if successful
    # status.isError to see if error happened

pubnub.publish().channel("my_channel").message(["hello", "there"]) \
    .meta({'name': 'Alex'}).pn_async(publish_callback)

Fire​

The fire endpoint allows the client to send a message to Functions Event Handlers. These messages will go directly to any Event Handlers registered on the channel that you fire to and will trigger their execution. The content of the fired request will be available for processing within the Event Handler. The message sent via fire() isn't replicated, and so won't be received by any subscribers to the channel. The message is also not stored in history.

Method(s)​

To Fire a message you can use the following method(s) in the Python SDK:

pubnub.fire() \
    .channel(String) \
    .message(Object) \
    .use_post(Boolean) \
    .meta(Object)
ParameterTypeRequiredDefaultDescription
channelStringYesDestination of message.
messageObjectYesThe payload.
use_postBooleanOptionalFalseUse POST to publish.
metaObjectOptionalNoneMeta data object which can be used with the filtering ability.

Basic Usage​

Fire a message to a channel​

envelope = pubnub.fire() \
    .channel('my_channel') \
    .message('hello there') \
    .use_post(True) \
    .sync()
print('fire timetoken: %d' % envelope.result.timetoken)

Signal​

The signal() function is used to send a signal to all subscribers of a channel.

By default, signals are limited to a message payload size of 64 bytes. This limit applies only to the payload, and not to the URI or headers. If you require a larger payload size, please contact support.

Method(s)​

To Signal a message you can use the following method(s) in the Python SDK:

pubnub.signal()
    .message(Object)
    .channel(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
messageObjectYesThe payload.
channelStringYesDestination of message.

Basic Usage​

Signal a message to a channel​

envelope = pubnub.signal() \
    .channel('some_channel') \
    .message('foo') \
    .sync()

Response​

FieldTypeDescription
timetokenintAn int representation of the timetoken when Signal was sent.

Subscribe​

The subscribe function creates an open TCP socket to PubNub and begins listening for messages and events on a specified entity or set of entities. To subscribe successfully, you must configure the appropriate subscribeKey at initialization.

Entities are first-class citizens that provide access to their encapsulated APIs. You can subscribe using the PubNub client object or directly on a specific entity:

A newly subscribed client receives messages after the subscribe() call completes. You can configure automaticRetry to attempt to reconnect automatically and retrieve any available messages if a client gets disconnected.

Subscription scope​

Subscription objects provide an interface to attach listeners for various real-time update types. Your app receives messages and events via those event listeners. Two types of subscriptions are available:

  • Subscription, created from an entity with a scope of only that entity (for example, a particular channel)
  • SubscriptionSet, created from the PubNub client with a global scope (for example, all subscriptions created on a single pubnub object ). A subscription set can have one or more subscriptions.

The event listener is a single point through which your app receives all the messages, signals, and events in the entities you subscribed to. For information on adding event listeners, refer to Event listeners.

Create a subscription​

An entity-level Subscription allows you to receive messages and events for only that entity for which it was created. Using multiple entity-level Subscriptions is useful for handling various message/event types differently in each channel.

# entity-based, local-scoped
subscription = pubnub.channel(f'{channel}').subscription(with_presence: bool = False)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
with_presenceboolNoWhether presence updates for userId should be delivered through the listener streams.

Create a subscription set​

A client-level SubscriptionSet allows you to receive messages and events for all entities. A single SubscriptionSet is useful for similarly handling various message/event types in each channel.

# client-based, general-scoped
subscription_set = pubnub.subscription_set(subscriptions: List[PubNubSubscription])
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
subscriptionsList[PubNubSubscription]YesChannels/Channel group subscriptions.

Method(s)​

Subscription and SubscriptionSet use the same subscribe() method.

Subscribe​

To subscribe, you can use the following method in the Python SDK:

subscription.subscribe(timetoken: Optional[int] = None, region: Optional[str] = None,)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
timetokenintNoTimetoken from which to return any available cached messages. Message retrieval with timetoken is not guaranteed and should only be considered a best-effort service.

If the value is not a 17-digit number, the provided value will be ignored.
regionStringNoThe region the message was published in.
Basic usage​
# single channel subscription
channel = pubnub.channel(f'{channel}')
t1_subscription = channel.subscription()
t1_subscription.subscribe()

# multiple channel subscription
channel_1 = pubnub.channel(channel).subscription()
channel_2 = pubnub.channel(f'{channel}.2').subscription(with_presence=True)
channel_x = pubnub.channel(f'{channel}.*').subscription(with_presence=True)

group = pubnub.channel_group('group-test').subscription()

subscription_set = pubnub.subscription_set([channel_1, channel_2, channel_x, group])

set_subscription = subscription_set.subscribe()
Returns​

The subscribe() method doesn't have a return value.

Entities​

Entities are subscribable objects for which you can receive real-time updates (messages, events, etc).

Create channels​

This method returns a local PubNubChannel entity.

pubnub.channel(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
channelStringYesThe name of the channel to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.channel(f'{channel1}')

Create channel groups​

This method returns a local PubNubChannelGroup entity.

pubnub.channel_group(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
channel_groupStringYesThe name of the channel group to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.channel_group("channelGroupName")

Create channel metadata​

This method returns a local PubNubChannelMetadata entity.

pubnub.channel_metadata(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
channel_metadataStringYesThe String identifier of the channel metadata object to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.channel_metadata("channelMetadata")

Create user metadata​

This method returns a local PubNubUserMetadata entity.

pubnub.user_metadata(String)
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
user_metadataStringYesThe String identifier of the user metadata object to create a subscription of.

Basic usage​

pubnub.userMetadata("user_metadata")

Event listeners​

Messages and events are received in your app using a listener. This listener allows a single point to receive all messages, signals, and events.

You can attach listeners to the instances of Subscription, SubscriptionSet, and, in the case of the connection status, the PubNub client.

Add listeners​

You can implement multiple listeners or register an event-specific listener that receives only a selected type, like message or file.

Method(s)​

# Add event-specific listeners

# using closure for reusable listener
def on_message(listener):
    def message_callback(message):
        print(f"\033[94mMessage received on: {listener}: \n{message.message}\033[0m\n")
    return message_callback

# without closure
def on_message_action(message_action):
    print(f"\033[5mMessageAction received: \n{message_action.value}\033[0m\n")

def on_presence(listener):
    def presence_callback(presence):
        print(f"\033[0;32mPresence received on: {listener}: \t{presence.uuid} {presence.event}s "
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Basic usage​

subscription = pubnub.channel(f'{channel1}').subscription()

def on_message(listener):
    def message_callback(message):
        print(f"\033[94mMessage received on: {listener}: \n{message.message}\033[0m\n")
    return message_callback

def on_message_action(message_action):
    print(f"\033[5mMessageAction received: \n{message_action.value}\033[0m\n")

subscription.on_message = on_message('message_listener')
subscription.on_message_action = on_message_action

subscription.subscribe()

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Add connection status listener​

The PubNub client has a listener dedicated to handling connection status updates.

Client scope

This listener is only available on the PubNub object.

Method(s)​

pubnub.add_listener()

Basic usage​

class PrintListener(SubscribeListener):
    def status(self, pubnub, status):
        print(f'Status:\n{status.__dict__}')

    def message(self, pubnub, message):
        pass

    def presence(self, pubnub, presence):
        pass

listener = PrintListener()
pubnub.add_listener(listener)

Returns​

The subscription status. For information about available statuses, refer to SDK statuses.

Unsubscribe​

Stop receiving real-time updates from a Subscription or a SubscriptionSet.

Method(s)​

subscription.unsubscribe()

subscription_set.unsubscribe()

Basic Usage​

channel = pubnub.channel(f'{channel}')
t1_subscription = channel.subscription()
t1_subscription.subscribe()

subscription_set1 = pubnub.subscription_set(channels=['channel1', 'channel2'])
subscription_set.subscribe()


t1_subscription1.unsubscribe()
subscription_set.unsubscribe()

Returns​

None

Unsubscribe All​

Stop receiving real-time updates from all data streams and remove the entities associated with them.

Client scope

This method is only available on the PubNub object.

Method(s)​

pubnub.unsubscribe_all()

Basic Usage​

channel = pubnub.channel(f'{channel}')
t1_subscription = channel.subscription()
t1_subscription.subscribe()

subscription_set1 = pubnub.subscription_set(channels=['channel1', 'channel2'])
subscription_set.subscribe()


t1_subscription1.unsubscribe()
subscription_set.unsubscribe()

pubnub.unsubscribe_all()

Returns​

None

Subscribe (deprecated)​

Deprecated

This method is deprecated. Use Subscribe instead.

Receive messages​

Your app receives messages and events via event listeners. The event listener is a single point through which your app receives all the messages, signals, and events that are sent in any channel you are subscribed to.

For more information about adding a listener, refer to the Event Listeners section.

Description​

This function causes the client to create an open TCP socket to the PubNub Real-Time Network and begin listening for messages on a specified channel. To subscribe to a channel the client must send the appropriate subscribe_key at initialization.

By default a newly subscribed client will only receive messages published to the channel after the subscribe() call completes. If a client gets disconnected from a channel, it can automatically attempt to reconnect to that channel and retrieve any available messages that were missed during that period. This can be achieved by setting setReconnectionPolicy to PNReconnectionPolicy.LINEAR, when initializing the client.

Unsubscribing from all channels

Unsubscribing from all channels, and then subscribing to a new channel Y is not the same as subscribing to channel Y and then unsubscribing from the previously-subscribed channel(s). Unsubscribing from all channels resets the last-received timetoken and thus, there could be some gaps in the subscription that may lead to message loss.

Method(s)​

To Subscribe to a channel you can use the following method(s) in the Python SDK:

pubnub.subscribe() \
    .channels(String|List|Tuple) \
    .channel_groups(String|List|Tuple) \
    .with_timetoken(Int) \
    .with_presence() \
    .execute()
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
channelsString | List | TupleOptionalSubscribe to channels, Either channel or channel_group is required.
channel_groupsString | List | TupleOptionalSubscribe to channel_groups, Either channel or channel_group is required.
timetokenIntOptionalPass a timetoken.
with_presenceCommandOptionalAlso subscribe to related presence information.

Basic Usage​

Subscribe to a channel:

pubnub.subscribe() \
    .channels('my_channel') \
    .execute()
Event listeners

The response of the call is handled by adding a Listener. Please see the Listeners section for more details. Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Returns​

PNMessageResult

PNMessageResult is returned in the Listeners

The subscribe() operation returns a PNStatus for messages which contains the following fields:

FieldTypeDescription
categoryPNStatusCategoryDetails of StatusCategory are here
is_errorBooleanThis is True if an error occurred in the execution of the operation.
error_dataPNErrorDataError data of the exception (if Error is True).
status_codeintStatus code of the execution.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNMessageResult for messages which contains the following fields:

FieldTypeDescription
messageObjectThe message sent on channel.
subscriptionStringThe channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
channelStringThe channel for which the message belongs.
timetokenIntTimetoken for the message.
user_metadataDictionaryUser metadata.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNPresenceEventResult from presence which contains the following operations:

FieldTypeDescription
eventStringEvents like join, leave, timeout, state-change.
uuidStringuuid for event.
timestampInttimestamp for event.
occupancyIntCurrent occupancy.
subscriptionStringThe channel group or wildcard subscription match (if exists).
channelStringThe channel for which the message belongs.
timetokenInttimetoken of the message.
user_metadataDictionaryUser metadata.

The subscribe() operation returns a PNSignalResult for signals which contains the following operations:

FieldTypeDescription
timetokenIntAn int representation of the timetoken when Signal was sent.
channelStringThe channel on which Signal occurred.
publisherStringID of the sender.
messageObjectThe payload.

Other Examples​

Basic subscribe with logging​
import logging
import pubnub

from pubnub.pnconfiguration import PNConfiguration
from pubnub.pubnub import PubNub, SubscribeListener

pubnub.set_stream_logger('pubnub', logging.DEBUG)

pnconfig = PNConfiguration()

pnconfig.subscribe_key = 'demo'
pnconfig.publish_key = 'demo'

pubnub = PubNub(pnconfig)

show all 17 lines
Subscribing to multiple channels​

It's possible to subscribe to more than one channel using the Multiplexing feature. The example shows how to do that using an array to specify the channel names.

Alternative subscription methods

You can also use Wildcard Subscribe and Channel Groups to subscribe to multiple channels at a time. To use these features, the Stream Controller add-on must be enabled on your keyset in the Admin Portal.

pubnub.subscribe() \
    .channels(["my_channel1", "my_channel2"]) \
    .execute()
Subscribing to a Presence channel​
Requires Presence add-on

This method requires that the Presence add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

For any given channel there is an associated Presence channel. You can subscribe directly to the channel by appending -pnpres to the channel name. For example the channel named my_channel would have the presence channel named my_channel-pnpres.

pubnub.subscribe()\
    .channels("my_channel")\
    .with_presence()\
    .execute()
Sample Responses​
Join Event​
if envelope.event == 'join':
    envelope.uuid # 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    envelope.timestamp # 1345546797
    envelope.occupancy # 2
Leave Event​
{
    "action" : "leave",
    "timestamp" : 1345549797,
    "uuid" : "175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e",
    "occupancy" : 1
}
Timeout Event​
if envelope.event == 'timeout':
    envelope.uuid # 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    envelope.timestamp # 1345546797
    envelope.occupancy # 0
Custom Presence Event (State Change)​
if envelope.event == 'state-change':
    envelope.uuid # 76c2c571-9a2b-d074-b4f8-e93e09f49bd
    envelope.timestamp # 1345546797
    envelope.user_metadata # {'is_typing': True}
Interval Event​
{
    "action":"interval",
    "timestamp":1474396578,
    "occupancy":2
}

When a channel is in interval mode with presence_deltas pnconfig flag enabled, the interval message may also include the following fields which contain an array of changed UUIDs since the last interval message.

  • joined
  • left
  • timedout

For example, this interval message indicates there were 2 new UUIDs that joined and 1 timed out UUID since the last interval:

{
    "action" : "interval",
    "occupancy" : <# users in channel>,
    "timestamp" : <unix timestamp>,
    "joined" : ["uuid2", "uuid3"],
    "timedout" : ["uuid1"]
}

If the full interval message is greater than 30KB (since the max publish payload is ∼32KB), none of the extra fields will be present. Instead there will be a here_now_refresh boolean field set to True. This indicates to the user that they should do a hereNow request to get the complete list of users present in the channel.

{
    "action" : "interval",
    "occupancy" : <# users in channel>,
    "timestamp" : <unix timestamp>,
    "here_now_refresh" : True
}
Wildcard subscribe to channels​
Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal (with Enable Wildcard Subscribe checked). Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

Wildcard subscribes allow the client to subscribe to multiple channels using wildcard. For example, if you subscribe to a.* you will get all messages for a.b, a.c, a.x. The wildcarded * portion refers to any portion of the channel string name after the dot (.).

pubnub.subscribe() \
    .channels("foo.*") \
    .execute()
Wildcard grants and revokes

Only one level (a.*) of wildcarding is supported. If you grant on * or a.b.*, the grant will treat * or a.b.* as a single channel named either * or a.b.*. You can also revoke permissions from multiple channels using wildcards but only if you previously granted permissions using the same wildcards. Wildcard revokes, similarly to grants, only work one level deep, like a.*.

Subscribing with State​
Requires Presence add-on

This method requires that the Presence add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

Required user_id

Always set the user_id to uniquely identify the user or device that connects to PubNub. This user_id should be persisted, and should remain unchanged for the lifetime of the user or the device. If you don't set the user_id, you won't be able to connect to PubNub.

from pubnub.enums import PNStatusCategory

from pubnub.pubnub import SubscribeListener, PubNub

class MySubscribeListener(SubscribeListener):
    def __init__(self):
        if status.category == PNStatusCategory.PNConnectedCategory:
            state = {
                'field_a': 'awesome',
                'field_b': 10
            }
            envelope = pubnub.set_state().channels('my_channel').\
                channel_groups('awesome_channel_groups').state(state).sync()

        else:
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Subscribe to a channel group​
Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.subscribe() \
    .channel_groups("awesome_channel_group") \
    .execute()
Subscribe to the presence channel of a channel group​
note
Requires Stream Controller and Presence add-ons

This method requires both the Stream Controller and Presence add-ons are enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.subscribe() \
    .channel_groups("awesome_channel_group") \
    .with_presence() \
    .execute()

Event Listeners​

You can be notified of connectivity status, message and presence notifications via the listeners.

Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Add Listeners​
from pubnub.callbacks import SubscribeCallback
from pubnub.enums import PNOperationType, PNStatusCategory

class MySubscribeCallback(SubscribeCallback):
    def message(self, pubnub, message):
        print("Message channel: %s" % message.channel)
        print("Message subscription: %s" % message.subscription)
        print("Message timetoken: %s" % message.timetoken)
        print("Message payload: %s" % message.message)
        print("Message publisher: %s" % message.publisher)

    def presence(self, pubnub, presence):
        # Can be join, leave, state-change, timeout, or interval
        print("Presence event: %s" % presence.event)

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Remove Listeners​
my_listener = MySubscribeCallback()

pubnub.add_listener(my_listener)

# some time later
pubnub.remove_listener(my_listener)
Handling Disconnects​
from pubnub.callbacks import SubscribeCallback
from pubnub.enums import PNStatusCategory

class HandleDisconnectsCallback(SubscribeCallback):
    def status(self, pubnub, status):
        if status.category == PNStatusCategory.PNUnexpectedDisconnectCategory:
            # internet got lost, do some magic and call reconnect when ready
            pubnub.reconnect()
        elif status.category == PNStatusCategory.PNTimeoutCategory:
            # do some magic and call reconnect when ready
            pubnub.reconnect()
        else:
            logger.debug(status)

    def presence(self, pubnub, presence):
show all 26 lines
Listener status events​
CategoryDescription
PNTimeoutCategoryFailure to establish a connection to PubNub due to a timeout.
PNBadRequestCategoryThe server responded with a bad response error because the request is malformed.
PNNetworkIssuesCategoryA subscribe event experienced an exception when running. The SDK isn't able to reach the PubNub Data Stream Network. This may be due to many reasons, such as: the machine or device isn't connected to the internet; the internet connection has been lost; your internet service provider is having trouble; or, perhaps the SDK is behind a proxy.
PNReconnectedCategoryThe SDK was able to reconnect to PubNub.
PNConnectedCategorySDK subscribed with a new mix of channels. This is fired every time the channel or channel group mix changes.
PNUnexpectedDisconnectCategoryPreviously started subscribe loop did fail and at this moment client disconnected from real-time data channels.
PNUnknownCategoryReturned when the subscriber gets a non-200 HTTP response code from the server.

SubscribeListener should not be used with high-performance sections of your app.

Unsubscribe (deprecated)​

Deprecated

This method is deprecated. Use Unsubscribe instead.

When subscribed to a single channel, this function causes the client to issue a leave from the channel and close any open socket to the PubNub Network. For multiplexed channels, the specified channel(s) will be removed and the socket remains open until there are no more channels remaining in the list.

Unsubscribing from all channels

Unsubscribing from all channels, and then subscribing to a new channel Y is not the same as subscribing to channel Y and then unsubscribing from the previously-subscribed channel(s). Unsubscribing from all channels resets the last-received timetoken and thus, there could be some gaps in the subscription that may lead to message loss.

Method(s)​

To Unsubscribe from a channel you can use the following method(s) in the Python SDK:

pubnub.unsubscribe() \
    .channels(String|List|Tuple) \
    .channel_groups(String|List|Tuple) \
    .execute()
ParameterTypeRequiredDescription
channelsString | List | TupleOptionalSubscribe to channels, Either channel or channel_group is required.
channel_groupsString | List | TupleOptionalSubscribe to channel_groups, Either channel or channel_group is required

Basic Usage​

Unsubscribe from a channel:

pubnub.unsubscribe() \
    .channels("my_channel") \
    .execute()
Event listeners

The response of the call is handled by adding a Listener. Please see the Listeners section for more details. Listeners should be added before calling the method.

Response​

The output below demonstrates the response to a successful call:

if envelope.event == 'leave':
    envelope.uuid # 175c2c67-b2a9-470d-8f4b-1db94f90e39e
    envelope.timestamp # 1345546797
    envelope.occupancy # 2

Other Examples​

Unsubscribing from multiple channels​
Requires Stream Controller add-on

This method requires that the Stream Controller add-on is enabled for your key in the Admin Portal. Read the support page on enabling add-on features on your keys.

pubnub.unsubscribe() \
    .channels(["my_channel1", "my_channel2"]) \
    .execute()
Example Response​
{
    "action" : "leave"
}
Unsubscribe from a channel group​
pubnub.unsubscribe() \
    .channels_groups(["my_group1", "my_group2") \
    .execute()

Example Response: 

{
    "action": "leave"
}

Unsubscribe All (deprecated)​

Deprecated

This method is deprecated. Use Unsubscribe All instead.

Unsubscribe from all channels and all channel groups.

Method(s)​

pubnub.unsubscribe_all()

Basic Usage​

pubnub.unsubscribe_all()

Returns​

None

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